Free C/C++ Programming Tutorials in PDF

C++ is a programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming. It is case-sensitive, statically typed, compiled, general-purpose, and free-form. C++ is a language that is typed statically.

Because it incorporates aspects of high-level and low-level programming languages, C++ is considered a language that operates on the middle level.

C++ was initially called C with Classes when Bjarne Stroustrup developed it at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, in 1979. It was later renamed C++ in 1983. C++ was developed as an extension to the C programming language.

Since C++ is a superset of C, almost any valid C program can be written in C++.

To clarify, static typing refers to performing type checking prior to compilation, as opposed to at runtime.

Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming is fully supported in C++, including the four pillars of object-oriented development.

Data hiding through encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. 

Standard Libraries 

The standard implementation of C++ is comprised of three essential components:

• The fundamental language provides all the necessary components, such as literals, variables, and data types, among other things.
• The C++ Standard Library provides a diverse range of functions for working with files and strings, among other things.
• The Standard Template Library (STL) provides a comprehensive collection of methods for modifying various data structures, among other things.

ANSI's Recommended Practice

The ANSI standard is an attempt to ensure that C++ is portable; that is, that code you write for Microsoft's compiler will compile without errors using a compiler on a Mac, UNIX, a Windows box, or an Alpha. This is one of the goals of the ANSI standard.

The ANSI standard has remained the same for some time, and all major companies producing C++ compilers adhere to the ANSI standard.

The Study of C++

When first learning C++, the most important thing to do is concentrate on the different concepts.

To become a better programmer and to become more effective at designing and implementing new systems and maintaining older ones, the goal of learning a programming language is to become more proficient in that language.

C++ allows for many different programming styles to be used. Any language can be written in the style of other languages, such as Fortran, C, Smalltalk, etc. Each mode can successfully achieve its objectives while simultaneously conserving both time and space.

Using C++

C++ is a programming language that is utilized by hundreds of thousands of developers across virtually all application fields.

C++ sees widespread adoption as a programming language for developing device drivers and other types of software that depend on the real-time direct manipulation of physical hardware.

Because C++ is a clean enough language to teach fundamental ideas effectively, it is widely used in academic and research settings.

Because the primary user interfaces of Apple Macintosh computers and personal computers running Windows are written in C++, anyone who has used either of these computer systems has, in a roundabout way, using C++.